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Cape Canaveral, from the Spanish ''Cabo Cañaveral'', is a cape in Brevard County, Florida, United States, near the center of the state's Atlantic coast. Known as Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973, it lies east of Merritt Island, separated from it by the Banana River. It is part of a region known as the Space Coast, and is the site of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Since many U.S. spacecraft are launched from both the station and the Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, the terms "Cape Canaveral," "Canaveral", or "the Cape" have become metonyms that refer to both as the launch site of spacecraft. In homage to its spacefaring heritage, the Florida Public Service Commission allocated area code 321 to the Cape Canaveral area.〔(1999-11-23). ("3-2-1, Call Cape Canaveral" ). New York Times. Retrieved on 2013-10-13.〕 Other features of the cape include the Cape Canaveral lighthouse and Port Canaveral, one of the busiest cruise ports in the world. The city of Cape Canaveral lies just south of the Port Canaveral District.〔("Cargo Destinations Locator Map" ). Port Canaveral Official Website. Retrieved on 2013-10-13.〕 Mosquito Lagoon, the Indian River, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and Canaveral National Seashore are also features of this area. ==History== Humans have occupied the area for at least 12,000 years.〔Zimmerman, Vera. ( "THE FIRST SETTLERS, 10,000 BC to 1820" ) Retrieved on 2007-08-11〕 During the middle Archaic period, from 5000 BC to 2000 BC, the Mount Taylor period culture region covered northeast Florida, including the area around Cape Canaveral. Late in the Archaic period, from 2000 BC to 500 BC, the Mount Taylor culture was succeeded by the Orange culture, which was among the earliest cultures in North America to produce pottery. The Orange culture was followed by the St. Johns culture, from 500 BC until after European contact. The area around the Indian River was in the Indian River variant of the St. Johns culture, with influences from the Belle Glade culture to the south. During the first Spanish colonial period the area around the Indian River, to the south of Cape Canaveral, was occupied by the Ais people, while the area around the Mosquito Lagoon, to the north of the Cape, was occupied by the Surruque people. The Surruque were allied with the Ais, but it is not clear whether the Surruque spoke a Timucua language, or a language related to the Ais language. In the early 16th century Cape Canaveral was noted on maps, although without being named. It was named by Spanish explorers in the first half of the 16th century as ''Cabo Cañareal''. The name "Canaveral" (''Cañaveral'' in Spanish, meaning "reed bed" or "sugarcane plantation") is the third oldest surviving European place name in the US. The first application of the name, according to the Smithsonian Institution, was from the 1521–1525 explorations of Spanish explorer Francisco Gordillo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】The History of Cape Canaveral, Chapter 1: Cape Canaveral Before Rockets (B.C.–1948) )〕 A point of land jutting out into an area of the Atlantic Ocean with swift currents, it became a landing spot for many shipwrecked sailors. An early alternate name was "Cape of Currents." By at least 1564, the name appeared on maps.〔 English privateer John Hawkins and his journalist John Sparke gave an account of their landing at Cape Canaveral in the 16th century. A Presbyterian missionary was wrecked here and lived among the Indians. Other histories tell of French survivors from Jean Ribault's colony at Fort Caroline, whose ship the ''Trinite'' wrecked on the shores of Cape Canaveral in 1565, and built a fort from its timbers.〔Osborne 2008, p. 3.〕 In December 1571 Pedro Menendez was wrecked off the Coast of Cape Canaveral and encountered the Ais Indians. From 1605 to 1606, the Spanish Governor of Florida Pedro de Ibarra sent Alvaro Mexia on a diplomatic mission to the Ais Indian nation. The mission was a success; diplomatic ties were made and an agreement for the Ais to receive ransoms for all the shipwrecked sailors they returned.〔 The last naval battle of the American Revolutionary War was fought off the shores of Cape Canaveral in 1783, between the USS ''Alliance'' and the HMS ''Sybill'', the American frigate being captained by Captain John Barry.〔Osborne 2008, p. 17.〕 Because of the hazards of the cape from coral shoals to shipping, the first Cape Canaveral Lighthouse was built and completed in January 1848.〔("Img_0338 (Cape Canaveral Lighthouse Florida heritage marker)" ). Cape Canaveral Lighthouse Foundation. Retrieved on 2012-11-10.〕 The hurricane of August 1885, pushed a "wall of water" over the barrier island (elevation, ) devastating Cape Canaveral and adjacent areas. The ocean waves flooded the homesteaders and discouraged further settlement in the area. The beach near the lighthouse was severely eroded prompting its relocation a mile west inland.〔Williams, John M. and Duedall, Iver W. ("Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, Revised Edition" (from National Sea Grant Digital Library) ), pg. 7. University Press of Florida.〕 The 1890 graduating class of Harvard University started a gun club called the "Canaveral Club" at the Cape. This was founded by C.B. Horton of Boston and George H. Reed. A number of distinguished visitors including presidents Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison were reported to have stayed here. In the 1920s, the grand building fell in disrepair and later burned to the ground.〔Osborne 2008, pp. 18-20.〕 In the 20th century, several communities sprang up in Cape Canaveral with names like Canaveral, Canaveral Harbor, Artesia and De Soto Beach. While the area was predominantly a farming and fishing community, some visionaries saw its potential as a resort for vacationers. However, the Crash of 1929 hampered its development.〔Osborne 2008, pp. 39-42.〕 In the 1930s, a group of wealthy journalists started a community called "Journalista Beach" which is now called Avon by the Sea. The Brossier brothers built houses in this area and started a publication entitled the ''Evening Star Reporter'' that was the forerunner of the ''Orlando Sentinel''.〔Osborne 2008, p. 40.〕 Construction of the Port Canaveral for military and commercial purposes was started in July 1950 and dedicated on November 4, 1953.〔("Evolution of the 45th Space Wing" ). Patrick Air Force Base Official Website. Retrieved on 2013-10-13.〕 The Congress approved the construction of a deepwater port in 1929, half a century after it was first petitioned by the U.S. Navy in 1878. It took another two decades before the port's potential economic value as the major deepwater point of entry for Central Florida was realized.〔("A Proud History" ). Port Canaveral Official Website. Retrieved on 2013-10-13.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cape Canaveral」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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